This 2014 review evaluates the immunomodulatory properties of dietary yeast-derived β-1,3/1,6-D-glucan, focusing on its oral bioactivity and clinical relevance. Despite low systemic absorption, oral β-glucans interact with intestinal immune cells via receptors like Dectin-1, CR3, and TLRs, leading to enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trials with insoluble yeast
