This 2016 preclinical study evaluated the chondroprotective effects of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis (OA). Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: SHAM-operated, MIA-induced OA, and three experimental groups treated with 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg of ALA. After 14 days
This comprehensive review discusses salinomycin, a polyether antibiotic identified as a potent agent against cancer stem cells (CSCs) and multidrug-resistant tumors. Salinomycin functions by disrupting key oncogenic signaling pathways including Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Hedgehog, and Akt, reducing CSC viability and enhancing sensitivity to standard chemotherapeutics. Mechanistically, it induces apoptosis, autophagy, and
This 2019 review elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) exerts therapeutic effects, particularly in erectile dysfunction (ED). Li-ESWT promotes neovascularization, tissue regeneration, and anti-inflammatory responses through mechanotransduction, leading to activation of key signaling pathways such as FAK, ERK1/2, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and PERK/ATF4. These pathways
