This 2023 randomized controlled trial investigated the impact of sleep duration and quality on weight loss maintenance in adults with obesity. After an initial 8-week low-calorie diet resulting in an average weight loss of 13.1 kg, participants were monitored over a 1-year maintenance phase. Those with short sleep duration (5)
This 2022 extension of the STEP 1 trial assessed the effects of discontinuing semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly in adults with obesity. After 68 weeks of treatment, participants had lost an average of 17.3% of their body weight. One year post-withdrawal, they regained approximately two-thirds of this weight loss, resulting in
This 2016 systematic review analyzed studies on weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). It found that definitions of weight regain varied across studies, leading to inconsistent reporting. Reported rates of weight regain ranged from 5.7% at 2 years to 75.6% at 6 years post-surgery. Proposed causes included initial sleeve size,
This 2015 commentary in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology argues that obesity is a biologically defended chronic disease, making long-term weight loss through lifestyle modification alone often ineffective. The authors highlight that caloric restriction triggers biological adaptations—such as increased hunger, reduced energy expenditure, and hormonal changes—that promote weight regain. Additionally,
This study investigated whether bone mineral density (BMD) lost during weight reduction in postmenopausal women is recovered upon weight regain. Twenty-three overweight or obese postmenopausal women underwent a 6-month exercise-based weight loss program, losing an average of 3.9 ± 3.5 kg. Over the subsequent 12 months, they regained approximately 2.9
This prospective study investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone levels and weight changes in 51 obese children undergoing a 1-year lifestyle intervention. The study found that higher baseline thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were associated with greater weight loss during the intervention, while higher free triiodothyronine (fT3) levels correlated with weight
This review examines the paradoxical outcomes of dieting, highlighting that a significant proportion of individuals regain lost weight within five years, with some surpassing their initial weight. The authors explore mechanisms such as metabolic adaptations, hormonal changes, and behavioral factors contributing to weight regain. The phenomenon of “catch-up fat” is
This large-scale European randomized controlled trial (DiOGenes study) investigated the effects of diets varying in protein content and glycemic index (GI) on weight-loss maintenance. After an initial 8-week low-calorie diet, 773 overweight adults who achieved ≥8% weight loss were randomized to one of five ad libitum diets for 26 weeks:
