This 2012 randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in treating myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the trapezius muscle. Thirty patients were divided into two groups: one received ESWT (1,500 pulses per session, once weekly for three weeks), and the other underwent trigger point injections
This 2014 observational retrospective study assessed the effectiveness of oxygen-ozone therapy (O2-O3), global postural re-education (GPR), and their combination in 60 patients with complicated chronic low back pain. Patients were divided into three groups: O2-O3 therapy alone, GPR alone, and combined O2-O3 plus GPR. Pain severity was measured using the
This 2015 randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, 3-way crossover study investigated the effects of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) teas on subjective appetite in nine overweight Korean women (mean age 49.7 years; BMI 24.6 kg/m²). Participants consumed fennel tea, fenugreek tea, or a placebo tea before a lunch buffet. Subjective
This prospective quasi-experimental study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of intravenous caffeine citrate (60 mg) versus magnesium sulfate (2 g) in 70 adult patients presenting with acute migraine headaches in an emergency department in Tehran, Iran. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at baseline, and one and two
This 2021 study evaluated the long-term efficacy of adjuvant ozone therapy (O₃T) in managing chronic pelvic pain in cancer survivors. Six patients with refractory pelvic pain, unresponsive to standard treatments, received O₃T via rectal insufflation. Pain levels, assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), showed significant reductions: continuous pelvic pain
This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of intradiscal ozone injections for treating pain caused by herniated lumbar discs (HLDs). The results showed that ozone injections provided superior pain relief compared to steroid injections and conventional medications, with significant improvements in pain scores at both 6 and 12 months. The therapy demonstrated
This study evaluated the efficacy of two different doses of intradiscal ozone-oxygen injections for pain management in patients with low back pain caused by lumbar disc herniation. Sixty patients were divided into two groups and treated with either 40 µg/mL or 30 µg/mL ozone-oxygen mixtures. Both doses resulted in significant
