Well Referenced

Tag: Type 2 Diabetes

Tirzepatide, a New Era of Dual-Targeted Treatment for Diabetes and Obesity: A Mini-Review

This 2022 mini-review discusses tirzepatide, a first-in-class dual agonist of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptors, approved for type 2 diabetes and obesity management. Tirzepatide significantly reduces glycemic levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and promotes weight loss exceeding 20%, along with favorable effects on lipid metabolism. Its design

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Mast cell stabilization: novel medication for obesity and diabetes

This 2011 study explores the role of mast cells in obesity and type 2 diabetes, demonstrating that mast cell deficiency or pharmacological stabilization with agents like cromolyn and ketotifen reduces body weight gain and improves glucose and insulin sensitivities in mice. The research indicates that mast cells contribute to these

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Patient freedom to choose a weight loss diet in the treatment of overweight and obesity: a randomized dietary intervention in type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes

This 2014 randomized controlled trial assessed whether allowing patients with type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes the freedom to choose and switch among three diets (CSIRO, South Beach, Mediterranean) over 12 months would improve adherence and weight loss compared to assigning a fixed diet (CSIRO only). Among 144 participants (BMI >27),

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Role of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

This 2022 review article examines the role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—in metabolic health and disease. Elevated BCAA levels are linked to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). BCAAs activate the mTORC1 pathway, influencing cell growth and glucose metabolism.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The role of BCAA metabolism in metabolic health and disease

This 2024 review article explores the complex role of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—in metabolic health and disease. BCAAs are essential amino acids involved in protein synthesis and energy production. The review highlights that while BCAAs are vital for muscle growth and are commonly used as dietary supplements,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Diets for weight management in adults with type 2 diabetes: an umbrella review of published meta-analyses and systematic review of trials of diets for diabetes remission

This umbrella review analyzed 19 meta-analyses and 16 intervention trials to evaluate the effectiveness of various diets on weight management and diabetes remission in adults with type 2 diabetes. Very low energy diets (VLEDs) providing 400–500 kcal/day for 8–12 weeks resulted in the greatest weight loss, averaging 6.6 kg more

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Incretin Hormones and the Satiation Signal

This 2013 review discusses the role of incretin hormones, particularly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), in regulating appetite and inducing satiation. GLP-1 is secreted by intestinal L-cells in response to nutrient intake and acts through both peripheral and central pathways to promote feelings of fullness. It slows gastric emptying, enhances insulin secretion,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Consequences of obesity and weight loss: a devil’s advocate position

This 2015 review challenges conventional views on obesity and weight loss by highlighting the “obesity paradox,” where obese individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) may have better survival rates than their normal-weight counterparts. The authors argue that weight loss does not universally lead to health improvements

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June 26, 2025 No Comments