Mechanisms and Mitochondrial Redox Signaling in Photobiomodulation
This review explores the mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM), a therapy using red or near-infrared light at low power densities to reduce pain, inflammation, and edema while promoting tissue regeneration, including wound healing, bone repair, and tendon recovery. PBM primarily targets cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in mitochondria, dissociating inhibitory nitric oxide