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Tag: PI3K/AKT

A Review of Molecular Events of Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis

This review outlines the complex molecular and cellular pathways involved in cadmium (Cd)-induced carcinogenesis. Cd, though not directly mutagenic, promotes tumorigenesis through indirect mechanisms including oxidative stress, inhibition of DNA repair, disruption of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis suppression, and epigenetic alterations. The article highlights key molecular events such as the

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Molecular mechanisms underlying protective role of quercetin in attenuating Alzheimer’s disease

This review explores quercetin’s neuroprotective mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Quercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidant properties, mitigates oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulates signaling pathways such as Nrf2, JNK, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt. These actions reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit amyloid-beta aggregation, and prevent tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, quercetin influences gene

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Melatonin and Cancer Hallmarks

This 2018 review article explores melatonin’s multifaceted anticancer effects across the established hallmarks of cancer. Melatonin interferes with sustained proliferative signaling by inhibiting pathways such as HIF-1α, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt, and modulates estrogen receptor activity. It promotes genomic stability through antioxidant activity, DNA repair enhancement, and telomerase inhibition. Melatonin induces

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June 26, 2025 No Comments