Well Referenced

Tag: PI3K/AKT Pathway

Successive Treatment with Naltrexone Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Facilitates the Malignant Biological Behaviors of Bladder Cancer Cells

This 2021 in vitro study examined the impact of chronic naltrexone exposure on bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and MB49). It demonstrated that successive treatment enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, naltrexone induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating epithelial markers (E-cadherin, CK19) and upregulating mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Metformin and Cancer, an Ambiguanidous Relationship

This 2022 review explores the complex role of metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, in cancer therapy. Metformin activates the AMPK pathway and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, leading to reduced ATP production and downstream inhibition of mTOR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These actions result in decreased tumor cell proliferation and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

From French Paradox to cancer treatment: anti-cancer activities and mechanisms of resveratrol

This comprehensive review explores the anti-cancer properties of resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and red wine. Resveratrol exerts its effects through multiple mechanisms, including induction of apoptosis via p53 activation, inhibition of NF-κB signaling, modulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway, and suppression of angiogenesis through VEGF downregulation. It also

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Role of the Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) in Pulmonary Fibrosis

This 2018 review examines the role of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in the development and progression of pulmonary fibrosis, particularly idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF). It outlines how mTOR dysregulation contributes to fibroblast proliferation, suppression of autophagy, chronic inflammation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), all of which drive

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June 26, 2025 No Comments