This 1999 meta-analysis by Allison et al. systematically reviewed the extent of weight gain associated with various antipsychotic medications. The study found that clozapine and olanzapine were associated with the most significant weight gain, with average increases of 4.45 kg and 4.15 kg, respectively, over a 10-week period. Risperidone and
This 2005 review compares the clinical and pharmacological profiles of magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) and magnesium chloride (MgCl₂). While both compounds deliver magnesium ions, MgCl₂ demonstrates superior absorption, cellular penetration, and retention. Additionally, MgCl₂ exhibits lower tissue toxicity and more favorable membrane and antihypoxic properties. The authors suggest that MgCl₂ may
This 2021 review examines the pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential of NAD⁺ precursors, including nicotinamide riboside (NR), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), and nicotinic acid (NA). The authors discuss how these compounds enhance NAD⁺ levels, influencing cellular redox states, energy metabolism, and sirtuin activity. The review highlights the role of NAD⁺ in
This 2016 comprehensive review by Wehrwein, Orer, and Barman provides an in-depth examination of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), focusing on its sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. The authors detail the anatomical structures, physiological functions, and pharmacological aspects of the ANS, emphasizing its role in maintaining homeostasis across various organ systems.
This 1986 study by Brownie et al., published in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, investigated the teratogenic potential of calcium edetate (CaEDTA), a chelating agent used in lead poisoning treatment, when administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis. The researchers administered varying doses of CaEDTA (2, 4, 6, and 8 mmol/m²/day) and
This 2018 study, published in Biological Trace Element Research, conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of three oral selenium compounds—selenite, selenomethionine, and methylselenocysteine—in cancer patients. Twelve participants received each compound in a randomized sequence, with appropriate washout periods. The study found that all three
This 2015 study published in Oncotarget investigates the mechanism by which rapamycin inhibits mSin1 phosphorylation independently of mTORC1 and mTORC2. The researchers found that rapamycin suppresses mSin1 phosphorylation without affecting mTORC1 or mTORC2 activity, suggesting an alternative pathway. This discovery provides new insights into the molecular actions of rapamycin and
This 2019 study published in Scientific Reports investigates the role of the gut microbiota in rapamycin-mediated lifespan extension and tissue aging in Drosophila melanogaster. Researchers administered rapamycin to both conventionally raised and germ-free flies, observing that rapamycin extended lifespan and improved tissue health in both groups. This indicates that the
This 2016 review article in Current Cancer Drug Targets explores the therapeutic potential of targeting the mTORC2 complex, particularly its unique component Rictor, in cancer treatment. While rapamycin and its analogs primarily inhibit mTORC1, mTORC2 remains largely unaffected, allowing for continued Akt activation and cancer cell survival. The authors discuss
This 2013 study published in Laboratory Investigation examined the role of p70 S6-kinase (S6K1) activation in vascular tumors and the therapeutic potential of topical rapamycin. Researchers found that vascular tumors exhibited heightened activation of S6K1, a downstream effector of the mTORC1 pathway, which is crucial for cell growth and proliferation.
