This 2012 pilot study assessed the lipid-lowering effects of berberine in obese human subjects and Sprague-Dawley rats. Participants received 500 mg of berberine orally three times daily for 12 weeks. In humans, berberine administration resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride levels by 23% and total cholesterol by 12.2%, along
This retrospective nested case-control study analyzed data from 12,676 bariatric surgery patients in Quebec (2001–2014), matched with 38,028 obese and 126,760 non-obese controls. Over a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, bariatric patients exhibited a higher postoperative fracture risk compared to obese (RR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23–1.55) and non-obese controls (RR
This 2021 narrative review emphasizes the critical role of early and sustained nutritional interventions in promoting healthy aging. It highlights that adherence to nutrient-dense, plant-based diets with low glycemic loads can prevent or mitigate age-related conditions such as sarcopenia, cognitive decline, osteoporosis, and chronic diseases. The review underscores the importance
This study investigated whether bone mineral density (BMD) lost during weight reduction in postmenopausal women is recovered upon weight regain. Twenty-three overweight or obese postmenopausal women underwent a 6-month exercise-based weight loss program, losing an average of 3.9 ± 3.5 kg. Over the subsequent 12 months, they regained approximately 2.9
This 2020 position statement by EMAS and IGCS offers comprehensive guidelines on the management of menopausal symptoms and osteoporosis in women who have undergone treatment for gynecological cancers. It advocates individualized care based on cancer type, treatment history, and hormone receptor status. For women with early-stage, low-grade endometrial cancer, menopausal
This 2022 systematic review evaluated the benefits and harms of systemic hormone therapy (HT) for the primary prevention of chronic conditions in postmenopausal individuals. Analyzing 20 trials (n=39,145) and 3 cohort studies (n=1,155,410), the review found that while HT reduced risks of diabetes and fractures, it increased risks of gallbladder
This 2012 review examines the interconnection between the immune system and bone metabolism, particularly in the context of osteoporosis. It focuses on the role of immune cells—especially T and B lymphocytes—in promoting osteoclastogenesis through the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Estrogen deficiency enhances this cytokine
This 2013 systematic review analyzed 16 trials assessing calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation in women undergoing breast cancer therapy. The findings indicate that supplementation with calcium (500–1500 mg) and vitamin D (200–1000 IU) did not prevent bone mineral density (BMD) loss in these patients. The study highlights the need for
This 2015 review examines calcitonin, a 32-amino acid hormone secreted by thyroid C-cells, focusing on its physiological role and clinical relevance. Calcitonin is stimulated by elevated serum calcium and gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin, contributing to the prevention of hypercalcemia. It also stimulates renal production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D at a site
This 2022 recommendation from the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) advises against the use of hormone therapy—either combined estrogen and progestin or estrogen alone—for the primary prevention of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal individuals. The USPSTF assigns a Grade D recommendation, indicating
