Well Referenced

Tag: methylation

Genetic impairments in folate enzymes increase dependence on dietary choline for phosphatidylcholine production at the expense of betaine synthesis

This randomized controlled trial investigated how genetic variations in folate-metabolizing enzymes (MTHFR, MTR, MTRR, and MTHFD1) influence choline metabolism in women, assessing whether higher choline intake could mitigate these effects. Women with genetic impairments in folate metabolism showed increased reliance on dietary choline for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, reducing availability for

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Nutritional genomics: defining the dietary requirement and effects of choline

This review article explores how genetic variations affect choline metabolism and dietary requirements. It highlights that men and postmenopausal women are more likely to experience liver or muscle dysfunction when deprived of dietary choline, while premenopausal women may resist choline deficiency due to estrogen-induced expression of the PEMT gene, which

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Roles and Mechanisms of Choline Metabolism in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cancers

This systematic review explores the role of choline metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver cancer, highlighting its key pathways: oxidation, phosphorylation, and acetylation. Choline’s oxidation produces betaine, which aids in methylation and epigenetic regulation, while phosphorylation impacts lipid metabolism and transport. Acetylation results in the formation of

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy–A Review

The review article titled “B Vitamins and the Brain: Mechanisms, Dose and Efficacy—A Review” by David O. Kennedy, published in Nutrients in 2016 (PMID: 26828517), examines the essential roles of the eight B-vitamins in brain function, highlighting their involvement in energy production, DNA/RNA synthesis and repair, methylation processes, and the

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June 26, 2025 No Comments