This 2016 cross-sectional study evaluated the effectiveness of methylmalonic acid (MMA) and homocysteine (HC) as biomarkers for vitamin B-12 deficiency in 316 cancer patients. Despite normal or elevated serum B-12 levels, 8.9% of patients were deficient based on B-12 (260 nmol/L), and 17.4% based on HC (>12 μmol/L). Weak negative
This expert consensus article by the Hemostasis Group of the Polish Society of Hematologists and Transfusiologists addresses the clinical significance of two common MTHFR gene polymorphisms—c.665C>T (formerly 677C>T) and c.1286A>C (formerly 1298A>C). These polymorphisms can reduce MTHFR enzyme activity, leading to elevated homocysteine levels, particularly in individuals with folate deficiency.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessed the efficacy of high-dose B vitamin supplementation (folic acid 5 mg, vitamin B6 25 mg, and vitamin B12 1 mg daily) in slowing cognitive decline among 409 individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease over 18 months. Despite significant reductions in plasma homocysteine levels
This comprehensive review examines the influence of vitamins A, B12, C, D, E, and K on arterial stiffness, a key predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The authors discuss mechanisms by which these vitamins may reduce arterial stiffness, including antiatherogenic effects, improvement of endothelial function (A, C, D, E), modulation
This open-label clinical trial assessed the impact of folic acid supplementation on behavioral and biochemical parameters in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) undergoing structured teaching. Sixty-six children participated, with 44 receiving 400 μg of folic acid twice daily for three months, while 22 served as controls. Behavioral assessments using
This review evaluates the efficacy, safety, and mechanisms of three supplements commonly used in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Prevagen (apoaequorin), Cerefolin NAC, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Prevagen, containing apoaequorin, is marketed for cognitive support, but lacks robust clinical evidence. Cerefolin NAC combines L-methylfolate, methylcobalamin, and N-acetylcysteine, aiming to address oxidative stress
This 2000 guideline by the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care evaluates the role of hyperhomocysteinemia in coronary artery disease (CAD). Elevated total homocysteine (tHcy) levels are associated with increased CAD risk, with prevalence ranging from 5–10% in the general population and up to 30–40% in the elderly. Despite
This multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial assessed the impact of long-term metformin use on vitamin B-12 status in 390 insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients over 4.3 years. Participants received either 850 mg metformin or placebo three times daily. Metformin use resulted in a 19% reduction in vitamin B-12 levels compared to
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of methylfolate, pyridoxal-5′-phosphate, and methylcobalamin supplementation on homocysteine and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with MTHFR, MS, and MTRR polymorphisms. The study found significant reductions in both homocysteine and LDL cholesterol, especially in those with MTHFR C677T polymorphisms, suggesting that targeted supplementation can
This review article discusses the role of MTHFR mutations, particularly the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms, in elevating homocysteine levels, which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and heart attack. The review highlights that while MTHFR mutations alone do not directly cause cardiovascular disease, they
