gut microbiome Archives - Well Referenced

Whole grain-rich diet reduces body weight and systemic low-grade inflammation without inducing major changes of the gut microbiome: a randomised cross-over trial

This 2019 randomized cross-over trial investigated the effects of a whole grain-rich diet compared to a refined grain diet on body weight, systemic inflammation, and gut microbiome composition in 60 Danish adults at risk of metabolic syndrome. Participants underwent two 8-week dietary intervention periods, separated by a washout period of

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Gut Microbiome Diversity and High-Fibre Intake Are Related to Lower Long-Term Weight Gain

This 2017 longitudinal study analyzed data from 1,632 healthy female twins in the UK to assess the relationship between gut microbiome diversity, dietary fiber intake, and long-term weight gain. The findings revealed that higher gut microbiome diversity and increased fiber intake were both independently associated with lower weight gain over

June 26, 2025 No Comments

An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest

This 2006 study by Turnbaugh et al. revealed that the gut microbiota in obese individuals and mice has an increased capacity for energy harvest, characterized by a higher Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Using metagenomic sequencing and colonization experiments in germ-free mice, the researchers demonstrated that microbiota from obese donors conferred greater fat

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Same Exposure but Two Radically Different Responses to Antibiotics: Resilience of the Salivary Microbiome versus Long-Term Microbial Shifts in Feces

This 2015 randomized, placebo-controlled study assessed how four common antibiotics (clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin, minocycline) affect the oral and gut microbiota in 66 healthy adults over a year. The study found that the salivary microbiome displayed high resilience, quickly reverting to baseline after antibiotic exposure. In contrast, the fecal microbiome exhibited

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Microbiota in Health and Diseases

This comprehensive review explores the critical role of microbiota in maintaining human health and its involvement in various diseases. Microbial communities, including gut, oral, respiratory, and skin microbiota, exist in symbiosis with the host, contributing to homeostasis and immune regulation. Disruption of this balance, known as dysbiosis, can lead to

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Distinct biological ages of organs and systems identified from a multi-omics study

This 2022 study by Nie et al. utilized multi-omics data from 4,066 individuals to estimate the biological age (BA) of various organs and systems, revealing that different organs age at distinct rates. The researchers integrated data from clinical tests, immune profiling, metabolomics, gut microbiome analyses, physical fitness assessments, and facial

June 26, 2025 No Comments

The endotoxin hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease

This review introduces the “endotoxin hypothesis” of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), proposing that elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—an endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria—play a significant role in AD pathogenesis. The article discusses how LPS can enter the bloodstream from gut dysbiosis or infections and accumulate in the brain, promoting amyloid-beta (Aβ) production,

June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson’s Disease

This review explores the “endotoxin hypothesis” of Parkinson’s disease (PD), suggesting that elevated levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gut dysfunction contribute to PD progression. LPS promotes α-synuclein aggregation, microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and dopaminergic neuron loss in the brain. The hypothesis posits that gut-derived LPS and cytokines induce systemic inflammation, which

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Spotlight on the Gut Microbiome in Menopause: Current Insights

This observational study explores the impact of menopause on gut microbiome composition and diversity, highlighting how declining estrogen and progesterone levels lead to reduced microbial diversity and shifts in bacterial populations. Post-menopausal women exhibit lower levels of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Firmicutes, Ruminococcus) and increased potentially harmful bacteria (e.g., Prevotella, Bilophila),

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Estrogen-gut microbiome axis: Physiological and clinical implications

This article explores the bidirectional relationship between estrogen and the gut microbiome, emphasizing how gut bacteria influence estrogen metabolism and, in turn, how estrogen affects microbiome composition. This interaction plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including metabolic health, immune function, and neurological disorders. The findings suggest that understanding

June 26, 2025 No Comments

Tag: gut microbiome