This review article explores how exposure to heavy metals such as mercury, lead, cadmium, and gold can contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. The authors discuss mechanisms including the modification of self-antigens, disruption of immune tolerance, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The article highlights evidence from both human epidemiological
This comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between exposure to environmental toxic metals—arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, and copper—and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Drawing from 37 studies with over 348,000 participants, the analysis revealed that higher levels of arsenic, lead,
This review article explores the mechanistic links between cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) exposure, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. Both metals are shown to induce oxidative stress and reduce nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, impairing endothelial-dependent vasodilation and promoting vascular stiffness. Cd and Hg disrupt calcium signaling, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS),
This 2019 review by Kim et al. provides a comprehensive overview of heavy metal toxicity and the role of chelation therapy in its management. The authors discuss how heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, copper, iron, lead, and mercury can induce oxidative stress by generating free radicals and depleting antioxidant
This 2010 study analyzed data from the NHANES 1999–2002 survey to investigate the relationship between body burdens of selected toxic metals and obesity measures, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The researchers found that higher levels of barium and thallium were significantly associated with increased BMI and waist
This 2009 article by Walter J. Crinnion discusses the clinical utility of measuring heavy metals in urine both before and after administering a chelating agent. Pre-challenge urine samples reflect recent exposures to metals like lead and mercury, while post-challenge samples, collected after using a mobilizing agent, indicate the total body
This 2013 study by Stejskal et al. investigated the prevalence and clinical relevance of metal allergies in 15 female fibromyalgia (FM) patients. Using the MELISA® lymphocyte transformation test, all patients exhibited sensitivity to at least one metal, with nickel, inorganic mercury, cadmium, and lead being the most common allergens. Following
This 2018 review highlights the significant health risks associated with heavy metal contamination in drinking water, focusing on metals such as arsenic, cadmium, nickel, mercury, chromium, zinc, and lead. Despite technological advancements, concentrations of these metals often exceed recommended safety limits globally. The primary exposure route is through the consumption
This 2013 review by Michael J. Kosnett evaluates the efficacy of chelation therapy for metal poisonings beyond the commonly treated lead, arsenic, and mercury. The paper highlights that while chelation is established for acute exposures to certain metals, its utility in chronic toxicity is often unsupported due to limited evidence.
This 2013 review by Margaret E. Sears examines the role of chelation in detoxifying heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, which are prevalent environmental toxins contributing to chronic diseases. The paper discusses both natural chelators like glutathione and metallothionein, and pharmaceutical agents such as EDTA, DMSA, and
