This review explores the role of sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases, in modulating oxidative stress and aging. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and SIRT3, enhance cellular resistance to oxidative damage by deacetylating key transcription factors and enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as FOXO proteins and SOD2. Caloric restriction activates sirtuins,
This 2013 review by Jacob et al. examines biomarkers indicative of oxidative stress in aging and associated diseases. It highlights markers such as 8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) for DNA oxidation, protein carbonyls for protein oxidation, and F2-isoprostanes for lipid peroxidation. The accumulation of these markers correlates with age-related conditions like cardiovascular diseases,
This observational study introduces the concept of inflammatory age (iAge) to quantify age-related inflammation and explores its relationship with various metabolic and cardiovascular conditions among older Chinese adults. Increased iAge correlated significantly with higher BMI, waist circumference, A1c levels, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and cardiovascular disease risk, as well as
This 2021 in vitro/animal study published in Biomolecules (DOI: 10.3390/biom12010039) used a multi-omics approach to identify novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets associated with aging. The researchers uncovered key molecular and metabolic changes that occur with aging, highlighting pathways and proteins that could serve as future diagnostic tools or intervention
This 2025 systematic review published in Geriatrics and Gerontology International (DOI: 10.1111/ggi.15054) explores the latest advances in biomarkers for cellular senescence, emphasizing their potential role in diagnosing and treating age-related diseases. The review discusses various biomarkers such as senescence-associated β-galactosidase, DNA-damage-related markers, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). It highlights
This review article discusses the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in aging, focusing on its activation and contribution to “inflammaging” — a state of chronic low-grade inflammation associated with age-related diseases like cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. The NLRP3 inflammasome, activated by signals such as mitochondrial dysfunction and lysosomal
This 2018 review article published in Frontiers in Immunology (DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00586, PMID: 29686666) explores the role of inflammation and cytokine dysregulation in aging and age-related diseases. The review focuses on how cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β contribute to chronic low-grade inflammation, which accelerates the development of neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular
This 2016 review article published in Journal of Immunology Research (DOI: 10.1155/2016/8426874, PMID: 27493973) explores the concept of inflamm-aging, which refers to chronic, low-grade inflammation that increases with age and is linked to several age-related diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. The review discusses the
