This review article explores the potential roles of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium, and omega-3 fatty acids in enhancing immune function, particularly in the context of COVID-19. The authors discuss how deficiencies in these nutrients can impair immune responses and increase susceptibility to infections. Vitamin D is highlighted for
This mini-review explores the immunomodulatory roles of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in the context of COVID-19. Vitamin C enhances immune defense by supporting epithelial barrier function, promoting the oxidative killing of pathogens, and modulating cytokine production. Vitamin D contributes to immune regulation by inducing antimicrobial peptides and modulating
This review article explores the potential role of zinc supplementation in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights zinc’s essential functions in immune modulation, antiviral defense, and anti-inflammatory responses. The authors discuss zinc’s ability to inhibit viral replication by interfering with viral genome transcription and protein translation, as well as its
This observational study evaluated the prognostic value of a composite biomarker comprising serum zinc levels, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), and patient age in predicting survival among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Conducted in Germany, the study included 35 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings revealed that non-survivors had significantly lower levels of zinc
This article outlines the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous zinc as an adjunctive therapy in critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conducted at a single center in Australia, the study aims to enroll adult patients admitted to
This 2021 narrative review by Berger et al., published in Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, examines the micronutrient status of the Swiss population and its implications for immune function, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors highlight that deficiencies in key micronutrients—such as vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, selenium,
This review article, published in the American Journal of Physiology – Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology in December 2020, explores the hypothesis that vitamin D supplementation could be a beneficial pharmacological strategy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights vitamin D’s immunomodulatory effects, particularly its role in regulating
This 2021 position statement by the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology, published in Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, advocates for the use of vitamin D supplementation as a preventive and therapeutic measure against COVID-19, especially in older adults. The authors highlight the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels and COVID-19 mortality. Analyzing data from one population study and seven clinical studies, the authors found a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D3 levels and mortality risk. The combined data suggested that a serum 25(OH)D3 level
This literature review, published in Przegląd Epidemiologiczny in 2020, examines the association between vitamin D levels and the severity of COVID-19. The authors analyzed various studies indicating that low serum 25(OH)D concentrations correlate with increased severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including higher hospitalization rates, ICU admissions, and mortality. The proposed mechanisms
