This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted role of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a form of vitamin B3, as a potent precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme integral to numerous metabolic processes. The authors discuss how NR supplementation has been shown to elevate NAD+ levels, thereby enhancing mitochondrial function
This hypothesis article explores the potential application of BPC 157, a synthetic peptide derived from human gastric juice, as a therapeutic agent for COVID-19. BPC 157 is known for its cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties, which may be beneficial in mitigating the systemic inflammation and multi-organ damage associated with severe COVID-19.
This mini-review explores the immunomodulatory roles of vitamin C, vitamin D, and selenium in the context of COVID-19. Vitamin C enhances immune defense by supporting epithelial barrier function, promoting the oxidative killing of pathogens, and modulating cytokine production. Vitamin D contributes to immune regulation by inducing antimicrobial peptides and modulating
This review article explores the potential role of zinc supplementation in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights zinc’s essential functions in immune modulation, antiviral defense, and anti-inflammatory responses. The authors discuss zinc’s ability to inhibit viral replication by interfering with viral genome transcription and protein translation, as well as its
This observational study evaluated the prognostic value of a composite biomarker comprising serum zinc levels, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), and patient age in predicting survival among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Conducted in Germany, the study included 35 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Findings revealed that non-survivors had significantly lower levels of zinc
This article outlines the protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to assess the safety and efficacy of high-dose intravenous zinc as an adjunctive therapy in critically ill patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conducted at a single center in Australia, the study aims to enroll adult patients admitted to
This 2021 narrative review by Berger et al., published in Clinical Nutrition ESPEN, examines the micronutrient status of the Swiss population and its implications for immune function, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors highlight that deficiencies in key micronutrients—such as vitamin D, vitamin C, zinc, selenium,
This 2020 review article by Pecora et al., published in Nutrients, examines the critical roles of various micronutrients in modulating immune responses, particularly against respiratory viral infections. The authors highlight that deficiencies in vitamins A, C, D, E, B6, B12, folate, and trace elements like zinc, selenium, copper, and magnesium
This 2021 review article by Marcin P. Joachimiak, published in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, explores the potential role of zinc in mitigating COVID-19 symptoms and identifies populations at risk for zinc deficiency. The author discusses zinc’s critical functions in immune response modulation, antiviral activity, and maintenance of mucosal integrity. The
This pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial assessed the safety and feasibility of administering high-dose intravenous zinc in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The study involved 33 participants who were randomized to receive either 0.5 mg/kg of elemental zinc (as zinc chloride) or a placebo daily for up to 7 days. The primary
