What you extract is what you see: Optimising the preparation of water and wastewater samples for in vitro bioassays

This 2019 study by Abbas et al. evaluated how different sample preparation methods impact the outcomes of in vitro bioassays used for water quality assessment. Researchers tested surface water, groundwater, hospital, and municipal wastewater using 11 bioassays targeting endocrine activity, mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity. They compared solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods