Out of Warburg effect: An effective cancer treatment targeting the tumor specific metabolism and dysregulated pH

This 2017 review explores targeting the Warburg effect—a metabolic hallmark where cancer cells favor glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, leading to an acidic tumor microenvironment. The authors propose a therapeutic strategy combining metabolic modulators (e.g., dichloroacetate, metformin) and pH regulators to disrupt cancer cell metabolism and restore pH balance. Preclinical studies