Emerging Role of Vitamins D and K in Modulating Uremic Vascular Calcification: The Aspect of Passive Calcification

This review article examines how deficiencies in vitamins D and K contribute to vascular calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors highlight that vitamin K is essential for activating matrix Gla protein (MGP), a key inhibitor of vascular calcification. Vitamin D influences the expression of MGP and