“Brain-specific” nutrients: a memory cure?
This 2003 review critically evaluates the efficacy of several nonprescription compounds marketed as memory enhancers, including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), citicoline, piracetam, vinpocetine, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC), and antioxidants like vitamin E. While animal studies suggest potential cognitive benefits, human clinical trials yield inconsistent and modest results. For instance, PS shows limited
June 26, 2025
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