This 2022 review explores the complex role of metformin, a widely used antidiabetic agent, in cancer therapy. Metformin activates the AMPK pathway and inhibits mitochondrial complex I, leading to reduced ATP production and downstream inhibition of mTOR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These actions result in decreased tumor cell proliferation and
This 2003 in vitro study assessed whether a standardized aqueous extract of mistletoe (Viscum album) influences the proliferation of various human tumor cell lines. Across multiple cancer cell types, the extract did not enhance cell proliferation, and in some cases, showed neutral or slight inhibitory effects. These findings counter concerns
This article reviews the potential of betulin and its derivative betulinic acid, along with their analogs, as anti-cancer agents. The study highlights their mechanisms of action, including the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and suppression of metastasis. It also explores the chemical modifications of these compounds to
