This 2000 editorial by A.G. Messenger outlines the physiological influence of thyroid hormones on hair follicle biology. Although it does not provide empirical data, it highlights the clinical observation that both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism can lead to hair disorders, including diffuse hair thinning and alopecia. Thyroid hormones, primarily triiodothyronine (T3)
This 2009 physiological study examined how molting affects metabolic rate and thermoregulation in the red knot (Calidris canutus islandica), a shorebird wintering in cold climates. Molting birds showed a 9.8% increase in mass-independent basal metabolic rate (BMR) compared to nonmolting individuals. Thyroxine (T₄) levels were positively correlated with the rate
The observational study titled “Combined levothyroxine plus liothyronine compared with levothyroxine alone in primary hypothyroidism: a randomized controlled trial,” published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (1970, PMID: 4986007), explored peripheral conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in athyreotic (thyroid-removed) patients. The findings confirmed the body’s ability
