This 2018 review by Snyder et al. summarizes findings from the Testosterone Trials (TTrials), a coordinated set of seven placebo-controlled, double-blind trials involving 788 men aged 65 and older with low testosterone levels. The trials assessed the effects of testosterone therapy on various health domains. Key findings include: increased sexual
This 2017 retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 44,335 men aged ≥40 years with androgen deficiency (total testosterone
This 2023 retrospective study compared clomiphene citrate (CC) and enclomiphene citrate (EC) in treating male infertility and hypogonadism. Among 78 men (46 on EC, 32 on CC), both treatments significantly increased serum testosterone levels. However, only EC led to significant rises in FSH and LH levels and improved total motile
This 2015 review addresses the challenge of managing hypogonadism in men desiring fertility preservation. Exogenous testosterone therapy can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and potential azoospermia. The authors highlight alternative treatments, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which can stimulate endogenous testosterone production and maintain intratesticular testosterone
This 2020 guideline from the American College of Physicians (ACP) provides evidence-based recommendations on testosterone therapy (TTh) for adult men with age-related low testosterone levels. The ACP advises that clinicians discuss TTh with men experiencing sexual dysfunction related to low testosterone, emphasizing shared decision-making. If no improvement is observed after
This 1997 review by Wang and Swerdloff discusses the clinical use of androgen replacement therapy (ART) primarily in symptomatic hypogonadal men, and explores emerging indications such as age-related testosterone decline, muscle-wasting diseases, male contraception, and adjunctive therapy in postmenopausal women. The article highlights advancements in testosterone delivery methods, including long-acting
This commentary by Allen D. Seftel addresses the 2016 international expert consensus on testosterone deficiency (TD) and its treatment. Seftel emphasizes the consensus’s key resolutions, which affirm that TD is a significant medical condition affecting male health and quality of life, and that testosterone therapy (TTh) is effective and evidence-based.
This review evaluates the impact of testosterone therapy (TTh) on psychological health and overall well-being in men with symptomatic hypogonadism. Evidence indicates that TTh can lead to modest yet consistent improvements in mood, energy levels, libido, and cognitive function. These benefits are particularly relevant for men experiencing fatigue, depression, and
This case-crossover study analyzed data from 39,622 men aged 57.4 years on average, using the IBM MarketScan and Medicare Supplemental databases (2011–2017). It assessed the short-term risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) associated with testosterone therapy (TT) in men with and without hypogonadism. TT was linked to a significantly increased risk
This 10-year prospective cohort study, known as the Dayton study, evaluated the incidence of invasive breast cancer (IBC) in 1,267 pre- and postmenopausal women treated with subcutaneous testosterone (T) implants, with or without the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole (T+A), for hormone deficiency symptoms. Over 5,667 person-years of follow-up, 11 cases of
