This 2014 review summarizes findings from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS), a multicenter observational study involving over 3,000 men aged 40–79 from eight European countries. EMAS identified late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) as a distinct syndrome defined by the presence of low testosterone levels and three specific sexual symptoms: reduced libido,
The article “Might DHEA be considered a beneficial replacement therapy in the elderly?” explores the potential benefits of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation as a hormone replacement therapy for age-related hormonal decline. DHEA levels naturally decrease with age, leading to physiological changes that may impact overall health. The study suggests that DHEA
This meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials examined the impact of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation on testosterone levels, demonstrating that DHEA significantly increased testosterone levels in both men and women. The study also identified a dose-response relationship, indicating that higher doses of DHEA resulted in greater increases in testosterone levels. These findings
This observational study explores the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on sexual function in men with low testosterone levels, finding that improvements in libido and erectile function were significant across a broad range of initial testosterone levels, including those with low-normal levels. The study suggests that TRT can benefit
This review examines the relationship between testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) and prostate cancer risk, noting that while androgens promote prostate cancer growth in experimental models, there is no conclusive evidence linking higher testosterone levels to increased prostate cancer risk in humans. Studies have shown that TRT does not increase prostate
This article reviews the cardiovascular risks associated with testosterone (T) therapy, highlighting the ongoing debate about its safety. While some studies suggest an increased risk of cardiovascular events, many others indicate that maintaining normal testosterone levels has beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, such as reduced mortality and a decrease in
A 2016 meta-analysis published in Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine (PMID: 26998003) evaluated the efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men with hypogonadism, analyzing data from 16 randomized controlled trials. The study found that TRT effectively alleviates symptoms such as low libido, fatigue, and reduced muscle mass while
This study investigated the decline in androgen levels in women with age, menopause, and oophorectomy. It found that androgens decreased significantly with age, particularly after early adulthood, with no major impact from menopause, but women over 55 who had undergone oophorectomy had even lower testosterone levels. These findings highlight the
This review article discusses androgen production in women, particularly focusing on the roles of the ovaries and adrenal glands. It highlights the primary androgens (like testosterone and DHEA) and their regulatory mechanisms. Androgen levels do not significantly change post-menopause, which has implications for hormone therapy and clinical care. The review
This article reviews the binding of testosterone to circulating proteins, focusing on its role in androgen disorders and its implications for clinical management, including testosterone replacement therapy. It highlights the importance of distinguishing between free and bound testosterone for accurate diagnosis and treatment. The review stresses that only free testosterone
