This 2021 review by Giri et al. addresses the clinical challenges in managing thickened endometrium (ET) detected via transvaginal ultrasound (TVS), particularly in asymptomatic women. The article emphasizes that ET alone is not a definitive predictor of endometrial pathology. Key recommendations include: for asymptomatic postmenopausal women, an ET >11 mm
This 2014 preclinical study investigates the combined effects of metformin and tamoxifen on estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer cells. The combination therapy significantly inhibited cell proliferation, DNA replication, colony formation, and induced apoptosis more effectively than either agent alone. Mechanistically, the enhanced effects are associated with activation of the AMPK
This study assessed the effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) on growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion in women with anorexia nervosa, normal controls, and tamoxifen-pretreated volunteers. Results showed that GHRH administration induced a GH peak in both anorexia nervosa patients and controls, suggesting that the hypothalamic-pituitary axis remains
This meta-analysis and expert panel discussion evaluated the safety of topical estrogen (TE) therapy in breast cancer survivors undergoing adjuvant endocrine treatment with tamoxifen (TAM) or aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Analyzing six observational studies with 38,050 patients, including 1,805 exposed to TE, the study found that TE use with TAM did
This study examined the prevalence and severity of menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors, finding that nearly all participants reported vasomotor symptoms, with hot flashes being the most common. The severity of symptoms negatively impacted the women’s perceived quality of life, as well as their partners’. Despite the widespread issue,
