Well Referenced

Tag: supplementation

The bright and the dark sides of L-carnitine supplementation: a systematic review

This 2020 systematic review assessed the effects of prolonged L-carnitine (LC) supplementation on metabolism and related modifications. Analyzing 11 studies involving healthy human subjects who received oral LC (1–4 g/day) for 12–24 weeks, the review found that LC combined with carbohydrates effectively increased skeletal muscle carnitine content. In centenarians, supplementation

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

This 2018 review explores glutamine’s role as a conditionally essential amino acid, particularly during catabolic stress. It highlights glutamine’s critical functions in immune cell energy metabolism, nitrogen transport, and antioxidant defense via glutathione synthesis. The paper discusses glutamine’s impact on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and macrophage activity. Clinical applications include

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Role of vitamins in gastrointestinal diseases

This 2015 review explores the critical roles of various vitamins in gastrointestinal (GI) health and disease. It highlights how deficiencies in vitamins A, D, E, K, B12, and folate can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and chronic liver

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Vitamin D and Marine Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Incident Autoimmune Disease: VITAL Randomized Controlled Trial

This large-scale, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated whether daily supplementation with vitamin D₃ (2000 IU) and/or marine omega-3 fatty acids (1000 mg) reduces the incidence of autoimmune diseases. Over a median follow-up of 5.3 years among 25,871 U.S. adults aged ≥50 (men) and ≥55 (women), vitamin D supplementation led to

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Vitamin D for the Prevention of Disease: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline

This 2024 guideline updates the 2011 recommendations, focusing on vitamin D use for disease prevention in individuals without established indications for treatment or 25(OH)D testing. Key recommendations include: (1) Empiric vitamin D supplementation is suggested for children and adolescents aged 1–18 years to prevent nutritional rickets and potentially reduce respiratory

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acids Supplementation in Athletes: A Systematic Review

This systematic review analyzed 24 studies to assess the effects of oral branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) supplementation on athletic performance, body composition, recovery, and biochemical responses. The findings indicated that while BCAAs can activate anabolic signaling pathways, their benefits on performance and body composition are negligible. Some studies reported that

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Isolated Leucine and Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation for Enhancing Muscular Strength and Hypertrophy: A Narrative Review

This narrative review examines the effects of isolated leucine and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation on muscle strength and hypertrophy. The authors analyze various studies and conclude that while leucine and BCAAs play a role in muscle protein synthesis, supplementation alone does not significantly enhance muscular strength or hypertrophy beyond

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June 26, 2025 No Comments