This cross-sectional study assessed the link between long-term lead exposure and severity of intracranial carotid atherosclerosis in 213 patients undergoing digital subtraction angiography. Body lead stores, estimated via bone lead levels, were significantly higher in individuals with ≥50% intracranial carotid stenosis compared to those with
This study integrated data from the Oxford Vascular Study (OxVasc) and a meta-analysis of 56 studies comprising 13,717 patients to assess stroke risk based on the severity of asymptomatic carotid stenosis. The OxVasc data revealed a 5-year ipsilateral stroke risk of 14.6% in patients with 70–99% stenosis, compared to 0%
This Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012) systematic review evaluated the effects of long-term hormone therapy (HT) on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, cancer, gallbladder disease, fractures, and cognition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The review found that long-term HT was associated with an increased risk of stroke and gallbladder disease, while
This Cochrane review analyzed data from 22 studies involving 43,637 perimenopausal and postmenopausal women to assess the long-term effects of hormone therapy (HT). Findings indicate that combined continuous HT increases the risk of coronary events, venous thromboembolism, stroke, breast cancer, gallbladder disease, and lung cancer mortality. Estrogen-only HT was associated
This observational study examines the relationship between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and the use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. The study found that HRT, when started early after menopause, can reduce cardiovascular risk but may also increase the risk of stroke and certain cancers, particularly with
