This review examines the role of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in hair follicle biology and associated disorders. mTOR is pivotal in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism, influencing hair follicle stem cell maintenance and cycling. The study highlights that mTOR signaling is crucial for hair follicle
This 2018 review explores the synergistic relationship between stem cells and anti-aging genes, particularly Klotho, in combating aging. It posits that stem cells, alongside anti-aging genes, form a protective mechanism against aging-related damage. The review emphasizes that while this combination can delay aging and extend lifespan, imbalances or deficiencies may
This 2014 review by Avci et al. analyzed the efficacy of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treating hair loss, including androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. The review encompassed preclinical and clinical studies, showing that LLLT can stimulate hair regrowth in both animal models (e.g., chemotherapy-induced alopecia in mice) and humans.
This article examines the hypothesis that most cancers arise due to specific risk factors acting on tissues with high underlying stem cell divisions. It discusses the role of stem cells in tissue renewal and how mutations during stem cell division may contribute to cancer development. The review also explores various
This 2023 review outlines current and emerging treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED), affecting approximately 40% of men aged 40–70. First-line therapies include oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) such as sildenafil and tadalafil, and intracavernosal injections of agents like prostaglandin E1. Experimental pharmacotherapies under investigation include dopamine D₄ receptor agonists,
This review explores the mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM), a therapy using red or near-infrared light at low power densities to reduce pain, inflammation, and edema while promoting tissue regeneration, including wound healing, bone repair, and tendon recovery. PBM primarily targets cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) in mitochondria, dissociating inhibitory nitric oxide
