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Tag: spermatogenesis

Enclomiphene citrate: A treatment that maintains fertility in men with secondary hypogonadism

This 2019 review evaluates enclomiphene citrate, the trans-isomer of clomiphene citrate, as a treatment for secondary hypogonadism in men desiring fertility preservation. Enclomiphene acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), antagonizing estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, thereby stimulating the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis to increase endogenous luteinizing hormone

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Efficacy and Outcome Predictors of Gonadotropin Treatment for Male Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A Retrospective Study of 223 Patients

This retrospective study analyzed 223 azoospermic men with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) treated with combined human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) over a median follow-up of 15 months. Results showed that 64% of patients achieved spermatogenesis, with a median time to sperm appearance of 15 months. Significant

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Preserving fertility in the hypogonadal patient: an update

This 2015 review addresses the challenge of managing hypogonadism in men desiring fertility preservation. Exogenous testosterone therapy can suppress the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and potential azoospermia. The authors highlight alternative treatments, such as human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which can stimulate endogenous testosterone production and maintain intratesticular testosterone

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

COVID-19 Infections in Gonads: Consequences on Fertility?

This 2022 review examines the potential effects of COVID-19 on human reproductive health. It discusses how SARS-CoV-2 may impact gonadal function through ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in reproductive tissues, leading to possible tissue inflammation and dysfunction. In women, the pandemic has been associated with menstrual irregularities, reduced oocyte quality, and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Guideline of Guidelines: Testosterone Therapy for Testosterone Deficiency

This 2019 review by Salter and Mulhall critically compares testosterone therapy (TTh) guidelines from major international medical societies, including the American Urological Association (AUA), Endocrine Society (ES), European Association of Urology (EAU), and others. The consensus across these guidelines emphasizes that TTh should be reserved for men with confirmed testosterone

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June 26, 2025 No Comments