This 2024 guideline, developed by the Society of Critical Care Medicine’s Pediatric Sepsis Definition Task Force, introduces the Phoenix Sepsis Score to define pediatric sepsis and septic shock. Sepsis is identified by a score of ≥2, indicating life-threatening dysfunction in respiratory, cardiovascular, coagulation, or neurological systems in children under 18
This review examines the role of nitric oxide (NO) in sepsis-induced vasoplegia and explores methylene blue (MB) as a potential treatment for refractory septic shock. NO contributes to excessive vasodilation in sepsis by activating the guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, leading to severe vasoplegic shock. MB inhibits this pathway,
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the use of methylene blue (MB) for managing septic shock in critically ill adults. The findings suggest that MB may reduce short-term mortality, the need for vasopressors, and hospital stay duration, with no significant increase in adverse events. However, the evidence is of low
