This 2017 single-center, open-label phase II trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of weekly intravenous ascorbic acid (AA) in 23 chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The dosing regimen included 5 g in week 1, 30 g in week 2, and 60 g weekly from weeks 3 to
This 2014 review addresses the shortcomings of PSA as a biomarker for prostate cancer, including low specificity and the resulting overdiagnosis and overtreatment. It explores the promise of exosomal biomarkers—extracellular vesicles containing nucleic acids and proteins—as more precise, non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Exosomes isolated from blood, urine, and other
This 2018 meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic utility of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in prostate cancer screening. Analyzing data from multiple studies, the research assesses both quantitative (cfDNA concentration) and qualitative (integrity, methylation patterns) aspects of cfDNA. The findings suggest that cfDNA analysis, particularly when combining quantitative and qualitative measures, can
This 2014 review highlights the potential of various nutraceuticals—such as isoflavones, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), lycopene, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and curcumin—in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). These compounds have been shown to modulate critical signaling pathways, including androgen receptor (AR), Akt, and NF-κB, which are involved in PCa
This 2001 Phase II randomized trial evaluated the effects of lycopene supplementation (15 mg twice daily for 3 weeks) in 26 men with localized prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy. Compared to the control group, lycopene supplementation was associated with a higher proportion of smaller tumors (
This 2016 Phase II clinical trial assessed the efficacy of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in 33 men with androgen ablation-naïve prostate cancer. Following a 6-month androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) lead-in, patients received alternating cycles of BAT and ADT. The primary endpoint, defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level
This observational study analyzed the relationship between serum testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in middle-aged healthy men. The study found no significant correlation between testosterone and PSA in the unadjusted analysis, but a positive correlation was observed after adjusting for age, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, smoking, and alcohol consumption (β
This observational study investigated the prevalence of prostate cancer in 345 hypogonadal men with PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL or less, finding a 15.1% overall cancer detection rate. The prevalence increased with PSA levels, ranging from 5.6% in men with PSA ≤1.0 ng/mL to 36.4% in those with PSA 3.1–4.0
