Well Referenced

Tag: prognosis

Prostate Cancer Detection and Prognosis: From Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) to Exosomal Biomarkers

This 2014 review addresses the shortcomings of PSA as a biomarker for prostate cancer, including low specificity and the resulting overdiagnosis and overtreatment. It explores the promise of exosomal biomarkers—extracellular vesicles containing nucleic acids and proteins—as more precise, non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tools. Exosomes isolated from blood, urine, and other

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Staging and Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma

This 2011 review discusses the staging and prognostic framework for cutaneous melanoma, focusing on the AJCC staging system. Key prognostic indicators include Breslow thickness, ulceration, mitotic rate, and regional lymph node involvement. The presence of distant metastases significantly worsens prognosis, with staging ranging from localized (Stage I/II) to regional (Stage

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Management and Outcomes in Metaplastic Breast Cancer

This 2016 review examines the clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes associated with metaplastic breast cancer (MBC), a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer. MBC is characterized by its resistance to conventional systemic therapies, including chemotherapy and hormonal therapy, contributing to its poor prognosis. The review discusses the unique

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

CA125: A superior prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer compared to CEA, CA19-9 or CA242

This 2020 study assessed the prognostic value of serum CA125 in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients compared to established markers—CEA, CA19-9, and CA242. Researchers analyzed preoperative biomarker levels and their correlations with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). CA125 showed the strongest predictive power for advanced tumor stage, lymph node

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Avoiding over- and undertreatment in patients with resected node-positive breast cancer with the use of gene expression signatures: are we there yet?

This article discusses the role of gene expression signatures in guiding treatment decisions for patients with resected node-positive breast cancer. The study examines how these molecular tools can help avoid over- and undertreatment by better predicting patient prognosis and response to therapy. It highlights the advances in gene expression profiling

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

Associations between Serum Interleukins (IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and Disease Severity of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis published in Biomed Research International investigates the relationship between serum interleukins (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and the severity of COVID-19. The study, involving 14,136 participants from 61 studies, found that elevated interleukin levels, particularly IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, were associated with more

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments

C-Reactive Protein and Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality in Patients with Various Cardiovascular Disease Locations

This cohort study published in the American Journal of Cardiology examines the association between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with various cardiovascular conditions such as coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The study found that higher CRP

Read More »
June 26, 2025 No Comments