This Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012) systematic review evaluated the effects of long-term hormone therapy (HT) on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, cancer, gallbladder disease, fractures, and cognition in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The review found that long-term HT was associated with an increased risk of stroke and gallbladder disease, while
This article reviews the implications of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) findings on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and its application in treating postmenopausal symptoms and preventing osteoporosis. The WHI’s results, which linked HRT with increased breast cancer risk, were criticized for involving an older, higher-risk population not typical for HRT’s
This article reviews hormone therapy (HT) and other treatments for menopausal symptoms, emphasizing the risks and benefits of estrogen therapy for hot flashes and vaginal dryness. It discusses the use of combined estrogen/progestogen therapy, which increases breast cancer risk after prolonged use, recommending the lowest effective dose for the shortest
