This 2004 review by Jan L. Shifren explores the multifactorial causes of female sexual dysfunction (FSD), emphasizing the emerging recognition of androgen deficiency as a contributing factor. While psychological, relational, and physiological issues are primary considerations, low androgen levels—due to aging, oophorectomy, adrenal insufficiency, or hypopituitarism—may lead to decreased libido
Testosterone therapy in hysterectomized postmenopausal women was studied in a randomized controlled trial examining its effects on sexual function, body composition, muscle performance, and physical function over 24 weeks. 71 participants received weekly intramuscular injections of placebo or testosterone enanthate (3, 6.25, 12.5, or 25 mg). The results showed dose-dependent
This study investigated the decline in androgen levels in women with age, menopause, and oophorectomy. It found that androgens decreased significantly with age, particularly after early adulthood, with no major impact from menopause, but women over 55 who had undergone oophorectomy had even lower testosterone levels. These findings highlight the
