This 2015 review explores the critical roles of various vitamins in gastrointestinal (GI) health and disease. It highlights how deficiencies in vitamins A, D, E, K, B12, and folate can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of GI disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), celiac disease, and chronic liver
This observational study assessed the functional status of B vitamins—B6 (pyridoxine), B2 (riboflavin), and B1 (thiamine)—in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared to healthy controls. Using red blood cell enzyme assays, the study found significantly reduced enzyme activity levels in CFS patients (p
This Cochrane systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum or plasma ferritin as an index of both iron deficiency and iron overload. It found that while low ferritin levels reliably indicate iron deficiency, ferritin’s reliability diminishes in the presence of inflammation, where elevated levels may mask true deficiency. Conversely,
