This review explores the use of mannitol, an osmotic agent, to transiently disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitate the delivery of stem cells and their associated growth factors into the central nervous system. The authors discuss preclinical studies demonstrating that mannitol-induced BBB opening enhances the entry of various stem
This systematic review explores the neurotrophic mechanisms underlying ketamine’s rapid and sustained antidepressant effects, particularly in treatment-resistant depression. Ketamine increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, promoting synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. These actions reverse the neuronal atrophy commonly observed in
This 2024 review investigates the antidepressant mechanisms of cannabidiol (CBD), focusing on its interaction with serotonin and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways. CBD may exert rapid and sustained antidepressant effects by increasing serotonin release in the prefrontal cortex via action on dorsal raphe nuclei and enhancing BDNF-TrkB signaling, which promotes neuroplasticity. These
This article reviews the neuroprotective effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), such as selegiline and rasagiline, in the context of age-dependent neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases. The review highlights that MAOIs work by reducing oxidative stress, stabilizing mitochondria, enhancing neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived
