This 2022 review examines the potential of stem cell therapy (SCT) as a treatment for dementia associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). The authors analyzed literature from databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the National Library of Medicine, focusing on studies related to SCT’s effects on dementia.
This 2020 review article examines the involvement of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder (MDD). The brain’s high oxygen consumption, abundant lipid content, and relatively weak antioxidant defenses make it particularly susceptible to OS. Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the depletion of antioxidant
This 2014 review explores the role of the CD200-CD200R signaling axis in regulating neuroinflammation within the central nervous system (CNS). The interaction between neuronal CD200 and microglial CD200R serves as an inhibitory mechanism to maintain microglial quiescence and prevent excessive inflammatory responses. Disruption of this pathway is implicated in neurodegenerative
This 2013 review by Dennis A. Davey explores the intersection of menopause and cognitive decline, emphasizing that Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not an inevitable consequence of aging. The article highlights that pathological changes associated with AD begin in midlife, suggesting a prolonged preclinical phase detectable through biomarkers and imaging. Notably,
This 2021 review article explores the multifaceted role of metformin in modulating autophagy across various biological systems. Metformin primarily induces autophagy through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to inhibition of the mTOR pathway. It also influences other signaling pathways, including AMPK/CEBPD, MiTF/TFE, AMPK/ULK1, and AMPK/miR-221. Additionally, metformin can
This longitudinal study analyzed data from 1,365 community-dwelling women aged 70–89 years to investigate the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on brain structure. Utilizing MRI scans taken in 2005–2006 and again in 2010–2011, researchers employed AD pattern similarity (AD-PS) scores to assess gray matter atrophy in regions vulnerable
This 2023 study by Vezzoli et al. investigates the efficacy of combining calcium disodium EDTA (CaNa₂EDTA) chelation therapy with antioxidant micronutrient supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The research involved 20 MS patients and 20 healthy controls, assessing oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and nitric oxide metabolites. Post-treatment results
This 2005 review by Liu et al. explores the potential of nanoparticle-conjugated chelators as a novel therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Traditional chelation therapies, such as desferrioxamine, have shown limited efficacy due to poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and systemic side effects. The authors propose that nanoparticles conjugated to
This 2021 review examines the involvement of metal ions—specifically aluminum, iron, copper, and zinc—in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It discusses how these metals contribute to the formation of extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tau tangles, hallmark features of AD. The review also evaluates the therapeutic potential of
This 2023 review examines the role of trace metal dyshomeostasis—particularly involving copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe)—in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. It highlights how abnormal accumulation of these metals contributes to amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. The study evaluates various chelating agents, such as deferoxamine,
