Well Referenced

Tag: mitochondrial biogenesis

Combined activation of the energy and cellular-defense pathways may explain the potent anti-senescence activity of methylene blue

This study investigates the anti-senescence effects of methylene blue (MB) in human fibroblast cells. MB treatment transiently increased the NAD/NADH ratio, leading to activation of AMPK, which subsequently induced PGC1α and SURF1, promoting mitochondrial and complex IV biogenesis. MB also activated the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, enhancing cellular defense mechanisms. These combined

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Effect of Iodothyronines on Thermogenesis: Focus on Brown Adipose Tissue

This review examines the role of iodothyronines, particularly triiodothyronine (T3) and 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2), in regulating thermogenesis via brown adipose tissue (BAT). T3 enhances BAT thermogenic activity by upregulating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. 3,5-T2, a thyroid hormone metabolite, also stimulates BAT thermogenesis through mechanisms that are

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Pivotal Role of Nitric Oxide: Effects on the Nervous and Immune Systems

This 2014 review explores nitric oxide (NO) as a critical signaling molecule with dual roles in physiological and pathological processes within the nervous and immune systems. In the nervous system, NO functions as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator, influencing synaptic plasticity, neurovascular coupling, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Conversely, excessive NO production can

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Pharmacological targeting of mitochondria in cancer stem cells: An ancient organelle at the crossroad of novel anti-cancer therapies

This 2019 review highlights the pivotal role of mitochondria in sustaining cancer stem cells (CSCs), focusing on their metabolic adaptability, regulation of apoptosis, and maintenance of stemness traits that contribute to tumor aggressiveness and therapy resistance. The article examines the rationale for targeting mitochondrial function as a therapeutic strategy, with

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Molecular Mechanisms of the Neuroprotective Effect of Methylene Blue

This article reviews the neuroprotective effects of methylene blue (MB) in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. MB works by acting as an alternative electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, enhancing mitochondrial function, reducing inflammation, preventing apoptosis, and inhibiting the aggregation of misfolded proteins. These effects

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June 26, 2025 No Comments