Successive Treatment with Naltrexone Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Facilitates the Malignant Biological Behaviors of Bladder Cancer Cells
This 2021 in vitro study examined the impact of chronic naltrexone exposure on bladder cancer cell lines (T24 and MB49). It demonstrated that successive treatment enhanced proliferation, migration, and invasion while inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, naltrexone induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by downregulating epithelial markers (E-cadherin, CK19) and upregulating mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin,