Metals and Parkinson’s Disease: Mechanisms and Biochemical Processes
This 2018 review investigates the role of environmental metal exposure in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. While only 5–10% of PD cases are linked to genetic factors, the majority are idiopathic, with environmental toxins like metals (e.g., mercury, lead, manganese, copper, iron, aluminum, bismuth, thallium, zinc) implicated. The review outlines how
June 26, 2025
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