The 2011 review article “Glutamine as an Immunonutrient” (PMID: 22028151) explores the role of glutamine, the most abundant amino acid in the human body, in maintaining immune function and supporting recovery under stress conditions such as illness, trauma, or surgery. Though not traditionally classified as essential, glutamine becomes conditionally essential
This review article discusses the crucial role of glutamine in maintaining intestinal health, particularly during times of metabolic stress such as trauma, sepsis, or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Glutamine promotes enterocyte proliferation, regulates tight junction proteins, suppresses inflammatory signaling pathways like NF-κB and STAT, and protects against cellular stress through
This systematic review evaluates mitochondrial biomarkers, highlighting GDF-15 and FGF-21 as the most promising candidates for diagnosing and managing mitochondrial disorders. Although these biomarkers demonstrate potential, their reliability varies across conditions, underscoring the need for further validation. Improved biomarker validation would enable earlier detection, better disease monitoring, and more precise
The study “Alpha Lipoic Acid Attenuates ER Stress and Improves Glucose Uptake Through DNAJB3 Cochaperone” (Scientific Reports, 2020, PMID: 33235302) investigated the effects of α-lipoic acid (ALA) on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and glucose uptake in C2C12 muscle cells and HepG2 liver cells. ALA treatment significantly increased DNAJB3 mRNA and
The study titled “Major surgery diminishes systemic arginine availability and suppresses nitric oxide response to feeding in patients with early-stage breast cancer” (PMID: 28826699), published in Clinical Nutrition in 2018, examined the impact of major surgery on arginine metabolism in early-stage breast cancer patients. This observational study found that surgery
