This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of various botanicals used as nootropics to improve cognitive function, mood, and memory. It highlights the cognitive benefits of Bacopa monnieri, Ginkgo biloba, Lemon balm, Sage, Spearmint, and Gotu kola, with Bacopa showing promise in enhancing memory, Ginkgo improving cognitive function, and
This animal study investigated the effects of phosphatidylcholine (PC) supplementation on memory performance and brain acetylcholine levels in dementia-model and normal mice. Dementia-model mice exhibited significantly poorer memory and lower brain acetylcholine concentrations than normal controls (p < 0.05). After 45 days of daily PC administration (100 mg), dementia-model mice
This study investigated the effects of liraglutide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist used in diabetes treatment, on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology using APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Liraglutide was administered peripherally at a dose of 25 nmol/kg body weight daily for 8 weeks to 7-month-old APP/PS1 mice and wild-type controls. The study assessed
This systematic review analyzed the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in treating persistent postconcussion syndrome (PPCS) following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The findings showed significant improvements in cognitive function, memory, attention, and overall quality of life in affected individuals. The most effective HBOT dosing protocol identified was 1.5
This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in patients who suffered mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). The study included 60 participants who received 40 HBOT sessions over two months. Results showed significant improvements in cognitive function, including attention and memory, and
A randomized controlled trial published in Archives of Neurology (PMID: 22869065) examined the effects of growth hormone–releasing hormone (GHRH) on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy older adults. Over 20 weeks, participants received daily subcutaneous injections of GHRH or a placebo. The study found that
A randomized controlled trial published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (PMID: 34375393) examined the effects of testosterone replacement therapy combined with intensive lifestyle intervention in older men with obesity and hypogonadism. The study included 83 participants who were randomly assigned to either a testosterone or placebo group for
