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Tag: MAPK

A Review of Molecular Events of Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis

This review outlines the complex molecular and cellular pathways involved in cadmium (Cd)-induced carcinogenesis. Cd, though not directly mutagenic, promotes tumorigenesis through indirect mechanisms including oxidative stress, inhibition of DNA repair, disruption of cell cycle regulation, apoptosis suppression, and epigenetic alterations. The article highlights key molecular events such as the

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Molecular mechanisms underlying protective role of quercetin in attenuating Alzheimer’s disease

This review explores quercetin’s neuroprotective mechanisms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Quercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidant properties, mitigates oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species and modulates signaling pathways such as Nrf2, JNK, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt. These actions reduce neuroinflammation, inhibit amyloid-beta aggregation, and prevent tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, quercetin influences gene

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Therapeutic potential of benfotiamine and its molecular targets

This review article explores the therapeutic potential of benfotiamine, a lipid-soluble derivative of thiamine (vitamin B1), highlighting its superior bioavailability and its ability to activate transketolase—an enzyme that diverts harmful glycolytic intermediates from pathways that lead to advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a key factor in diabetic vascular complications. Benfotiamine

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine

The 2009 study “Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine” (DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0225-4) investigates the roles of glutamine, arginine, and leucine in promoting intestinal health through various signaling pathways, including MAPK, mTOR, and cGMP. These amino acids stimulate cell migration, enhance mucosal integrity, and protect against oxidative stress and nutrient

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June 26, 2025 No Comments