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Tag: MAPK pathway

Innate Inflammation Induced by the 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase-1–KRAS–NF-κB Pathway

This study elucidates a novel mechanism by which the DNA repair enzyme 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase-1 (OGG1) contributes to innate inflammation. Upon repairing oxidatively damaged DNA (specifically 8-oxoG lesions), OGG1 forms a complex with the excised base, acquiring guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity that activates KRAS. Activated KRAS then triggers downstream

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

IL-6/IL-6 receptor system and its role in physiological and pathological conditions

This review details the IL-6/IL-6 receptor system’s role in both normal and pathological conditions, including its mechanisms through membrane-bound and soluble IL-6 receptors that activate JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Elevated IL-6 levels are associated with inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, making the IL-6/IL-6R system a

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The cytotoxic mechanism of malondialdehyde and protective effect of carnosine via protein cross-linking/mitochondrial dysfunction/reactive oxygen species/MAPK pathway in neurons

This in vitro study explored the cytotoxic effects of malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation, on cortical neurons and the protective role of carnosine. MDA exposure led to decreased neuronal viability, triggering both apoptosis and necrosis, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and activation of JNK

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Thyroid hormones stimulate L-arginine transport in human endothelial cells

The study titled “Thyroid hormones stimulate L-arginine transport in human endothelial cells” (Journal of Endocrinology, 2018) investigates how thyroid hormones influence L-arginine uptake in human endothelial cells. The key finding is that thyroid hormones enhance L-arginine transport by upregulating its transporters through activation of the αvβ3 integrin receptor and signaling

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June 26, 2025 No Comments