This 2021 retrospective cohort study assessed fertility outcomes in 545 men who tested positive for androgens in Danish fitness centers, compared to 5,450 matched controls. Over the 10 years prior to testing, androgen users had a 26% lower fertility rate (RR 0.74), but their fertility rate improved during follow-up, becoming
This 2015 case series evaluated 49 men with testosterone-induced azoospermia or severe oligospermia who underwent combination therapy with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and adjunctive agents such as clomiphene citrate, tamoxifen, anastrozole, or recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone. Administered HCG at 3,000 IU subcutaneously every other day, the study observed a 95.9% recovery
This review consolidates current research on L-Carnitine supplementation and its potential benefits for male fertility, incorporating in vitro, animal, and clinical studies. L-Carnitine has been shown to improve sperm motility, morphology, and concentration while regulating hormone levels and reducing oxidative stress, which may enhance fertility outcomes. These effects are attributed
