This 2007 review article explores the immunomodulatory properties of β-glucans, naturally occurring polysaccharides found in the cell walls of fungi, bacteria, and cereals. The authors discuss how β-glucans enhance host immune defense by activating the complement system and enhancing the function of macrophages and natural killer (NK) cells. The article
This review explores the immunomodulatory and potential anti-cancer effects of β-glucans, complex polysaccharides found in the cell walls of fungi, bacteria, and cereals. β-glucans interact with immune receptors such as Dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), and Toll-like receptors (TLR-2/6), activating immune cells including macrophages, neutrophils, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells,
This 2012 review explores current and emerging therapies for colorectal cancer, emphasizing the potential of combinatorial approaches to enhance apoptosis in cancer cells. It discusses traditional treatments like surgery and chemotherapy, as well as novel strategies involving immunotherapy, gene therapy, and targeted molecular treatments. The review highlights the role of
The study investigated the neurosteroid pregnenolone and its ability to suppress inflammation by inducing ubiquitination and degradation of TIRAP and TLR2 in macrophages and microglial cells. This action led to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, including tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6, through TLR2 and TLR4 pathways. Pregnenolone was also found
