This 2023 review examines the “obesity paradox,” where overweight and obese individuals with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) often exhibit better survival rates than their leaner counterparts. The authors highlight that cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) plays a pivotal role in this phenomenon, suggesting that higher CRF levels may mitigate the adverse effects
This observational study examined how combinations of healthy behaviors—including regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and smoking abstinence—are associated with lower systemic inflammation as measured by C-reactive protein (CRP). Individuals practicing multiple healthy behaviors demonstrated significantly reduced CRP levels, suggesting that a comprehensive lifestyle approach is more effective in mitigating
This 2013 review article published in International Journal of Endocrinology (DOI: 10.1155/2013/678159) explores the intricate link between obesity and chronic systemic inflammation. It details how obesity triggers an immune response in adipose tissue, leading to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and acute-phase proteins like C-reactive
This review article explores how environmental and biological factors—such as pollution, poor nutrition, oxidative stress, and psychosocial stress—contribute to “inflammaging,” a chronic low-grade inflammatory state associated with aging. While genetic predisposition plays a minor role, the authors highlight that environmental exposures are key drivers of age-related inflammation and chronic diseases.
This review article discusses how modern lifestyle factors—including poor diet, stress, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity, and limited sun exposure—disrupt the gut microbiota, contributing to chronic systemic low-grade inflammation (CSLGI). This imbalance heightens susceptibility to inflammatory diseases, notably COVID-19 and long-COVID syndrome. Clinically, these insights suggest the need for interventions focused
This article discusses the emergence of chronic diseases in women starting in their sixth decade of life, highlighting the impact on both quality and longevity. The transition into menopause presents a crucial opportunity for implementing prevention strategies aimed at reducing the risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic
