This review explores the physiological and molecular effects of caloric restriction (CR), exercise, and pharmacological mimetics on aging and metabolic health. CR has been shown to extend both mean and maximum lifespan in animal models by activating stress response pathways and enhancing mitochondrial function. Exercise primarily improves healthspan, delaying the
This 2010 review by Kunlin Jin provides a comprehensive overview of current biological theories explaining the aging process, categorizing them into two broad groups: programmed theories and damage (or error) theories. Programmed theories suggest that aging is regulated by genetically controlled processes, including hormonal changes, immune decline, and epigenetic modifications.
This review explores metformin’s potential as an anti-aging therapy, highlighting its modulation of key aging-related pathways such as AMPK activation, mTOR inhibition, and IGF-1 signaling reduction. Preclinical studies demonstrate metformin’s ability to extend lifespan and healthspan in various organisms. Observational data suggest reduced incidence of age-related diseases in metformin users.
This systematic review discusses the challenges and trends in anti-aging medicine, focusing on the development of gerotherapeutics aimed at addressing aging-related diseases and enhancing lifespan. It highlights key aging mechanisms, such as cellular senescence and autophagy, and discusses emerging druggable targets that could be used to slow aging and treat
This 2015 observational study published in Cell Reports (PMID: 26321641) examined how aging in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies) affects gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function. Researchers found that aging flies experienced a notable shift in gut microbiota composition, particularly an expansion of Gammaproteobacteria, which preceded and predicted intestinal barrier dysfunction.
