This review article discusses the evaluation and management of anemia in older adults, a condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It highlights that anemia is frequently asymptomatic but can present with fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath. Common causes include iron deficiency, chronic kidney disease, inflammation, and gastrointestinal blood
This review article on Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) outlines its widespread prevalence, particularly due to menstrual blood loss and gastrointestinal bleeding. It emphasizes that iron deficiency impacts more than hemoglobin levels, leading to symptoms like fatigue, hair loss, and restless legs syndrome. Serum ferritin is identified as the most accurate
This review article redefines iron deficiency in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), arguing that current diagnostic criteria based on serum ferritin and transferrin saturation may miss cases of functional iron deficiency at the tissue level. It emphasizes the importance of intracellular iron for mitochondrial function and energy production in
This NHANES-based observational study proposed new physiologically based serum ferritin thresholds for diagnosing iron deficiency in children and non-pregnant women. The current WHO cut-offs (
This Cochrane systematic review assessed the diagnostic accuracy of serum or plasma ferritin as an index of both iron deficiency and iron overload. It found that while low ferritin levels reliably indicate iron deficiency, ferritin’s reliability diminishes in the presence of inflammation, where elevated levels may mask true deficiency. Conversely,
This 2022 review article explores the widespread prevalence, symptoms, and treatment options for iron deficiency (ID) in women, with or without anemia. It highlights that ID is commonly caused by factors like poor diet, menstruation, pregnancy, and inflammation, and presents with symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive impairment, and poor immune
